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Epiglottitis is a rare but serious condition that can cause breathing difficulties and even respiratory failure if left untreated. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that sits at the base of the tongue, and its main function is to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway. When the epiglottis becomes inflamed or infected, it can swell and block the airway. Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection, although it can also be caused by a viral infection or other irritants. Children are more susceptible to epiglottitis than adults, but it can occur at any age. Symptoms of epiglottitis typically come on suddenly and can include severe throat pain, difficulty swallowing, drooling, high fever, and respiratory distress. Patients may also have a muffled or hoarse voice, and may lean forward in an effort to breathe more easily. A notable symptom is Stridor: a high-pitched, noisy breathing sound that occurs when breathing in. If a doctor suspects that a patient has epiglottitis, they will usually perform a physical exam and may also order imaging tests or blood work to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves hospitalization, where the patient can be monitored closely and given oxygen and IV fluids if necessary. Antibiotics may also be given to treat the underlying infection. In severe cases, a patient may require intubation or even a tracheotomy to ensure that they can breathe properly. Fortunately, with prompt medical attention and treatment, most patients recover from epiglottitis without any lasting effects.